Internal-combustion engine



A. M. NIVEN INTERNAL ZOMBUSTION .ENGNE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Filed pac. 1e,1927 ATTORNEY.

Patented June 1,7, 1930 N UNITED STATES" PATENT oFFlcE AROHE MACPI-IAILNIVEN, 0F DETROIT, MICHIGAN, `ASSIGNOR TO CONTINENTAL MOTORSCORPORATION, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, A CORPORATION OF VIRGINIAINTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Y ApplicationV filed December 16, 1927.Serial No. 240,377.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and refers moreparticularly to improved means for the distributionY and circulation ofthe cooling water. A further feature of lthe invention resides infacilitating the casting operations of the engine cylinder block. j j

My invention is primarily adapted for use in sleeve valve engines ofvarious types but may also be used to Vadvantage in other types ofengines.`

engines to provide a flow. of the cooling water inthe cylinder Vwaterjacket upwardly mainly along one side of the enginesuch as the exhaustside and across the cylinder heads to a discharge conduit or headergenerally located along the opposite side of the It is desirable toprovidefor the elimination of steam pockets in the cylinder water jacketat points remote from the cylinder jacket outlet to the cylinder waterjacket, this being customarily done by boring 'small holes through thecylinder top Wall. Such construction offers a decided disadvantage,however, since difficulty necessarily is experienced in coringA thecylinder water jacket in the portions thereof remote from the cylinderwater jacket outlet. object ofmy invention resides in providingrelatively large openings in the cylinder block top wall j not only Aatthe cylinder jacket outlet V'but also at points `remote there# fromwhereby the waterjacket top wall is provided with ample openings forsupport of cylinder water acket cores, the general coring operations ofthe cylinder block being thereby facilitated. In the engine assemblysuch of the core openings as are not desirable from the standpoint ofproper water circulation are closed of,my invention providing forconveniently Vattaining this' end through the cooperation of thevcylinder heads or the cylinder head jacket cover;

A further feature of my invention resides for conveniently regulatingthe amount of cooling water` from the cylinder jacket to the`cyl-inder'head jackets in proportion to the proximity of the cylinderheads to the One water circulating pump. Thus, by varying the eifectiveopening area between the cylinder jacket and the various cylinder headjackets ofthe engine so that the openings nearest the water pump aresmaller than j i izing the cooling eect for `the various en- It 'isdesirable especially in sleeve ,Valve gine cylinder heads and exhaustpassages. I prefer for convenience andsimplicity Vto utilize the samemeans toattain this `end that .I employ in facilitating the cylinderprevention of steam heads,

Fig. 2 is a section along 2--2 of Fig. l, Fig. 3 is a section along 3 3of Fig.] Fig. 4 is a view Corresponding generally to Figfl butillustrating a modified embodiment of my invention, and Y `Fig. 5, is asection along l5--5 of Fig. 4.

` Y Referring to the drawings reference character A represents thecylinderblock cast-4 ing having a plurality of cylinderslO accommodatingone or more sleeve` valves 1l" having intake and exhaust ports `12 and13 respectively cooperating with cylinder in` take and exhaust ports 14vand 15, and cylinder intake and exhaust passages, 16 and 17. Thecylinder block A is jacketed at 18 for receiving water circulated around`the various cylinders l0 by a suitable pump 19 havingva water inlet19a. The top wall 20 of the cylinder block is provided along `one side,preferably the exhaust side, with 0pen` ings 21 adjacent the cylinderheads 22. These cylinder. heads may have a `jacket 23' extending intothe respective cylinders, be'- Y, ing spaced therefrom to accommodatethe sleeve valves and seated on the cylinder block top` wall 2O by aflange 24. Studs 25 serve to secure the cylinder heads in position.Above the cylinder heads is located a cylinder head cover 26conveniently seated on the cylinder block top wall 20 by clamping nut'27engaging the barrels 28 ofthe various cylinder heads.

Along the side of the engine opposite to the side having openings 21,are other. relatively large openings 29 through the -wall 20, theseopenings facilitating supporting the cylinder jacket cores and generallyassisting the casting operation as will be readily understood. At thesame time these openings cooperate as hereinafter described with thecylinder heads or cylinder headV cover for preventing the formation ofsteam pockets in the cylinder jacket. To this end the cylinder headVflanges 24 4for the most part cover the openings 29, a relatively smallportion of such openings being uncovered such as the portion 30intermediate adjacent cylinder heads. The portions 30 While preventingsteain pockets in the cylinder jacket will not materially effect thedesired -main flow of water upwardly from the cylinder jacket 18 throughopenings 21`along the exhaust side of the engine and across the cylinderheads into jackets 23 and thence `to Vthe outlet conduit or header 31along the intake side of the engine. Thus the exhaust passages 17 aremaintained in a cooled condition. If. desired'the cylinder heads 22 maybe provided with deflecting means for circulating the water downwardlyinto the jacket 23 duringnits travel across the cylinder heads, thisbeing no feature of this invention. Additional openings 32 through wall20 may be provided' intermediate adjacent cylinders,`

these openings likewise assisting in the casting operation of thecylinder block and being likewise for thek most part coveredV by theflanges 24 of the cylinder heads, leaving a relatively small effectiveopening 33 for preventing steam pocket formations inthe cylinder acketin the vicinity of such points. At the engine Vcenter where the usualcentral relatively wide crankshaft bearing usually requires a, greaterspacing between the central pair of cylinders than between otheradjacent cylinders, a small er opening 32a may be provided instead ofextending the flanges of adjacent cylinder heads to cover a largeropening, thereby avoiding the necessity for a cylinder head having aflange differing from others used inthe engine. i

Where the pump 19 islocated at the end of the cylinder blockasillustrated,1 may extendvthe cylinder head flanges 24 for thosecylinders nearest the pump so as to overlie a portion Vofthe openings 21and thereby reducefthe effective area of these openings. The remainingcylinders more remote from the pump do not have their cylinder headflanges extended over the openings 21. `Ifdesired this variation ineffective area for the openings 21 may be graduated for each cylinder inproportion to its distance from the pump but I find it convenient andpracticable from a manufacturing standpoint to relatively increase theeffective area of the openings for the three end cylinders remote fromthe water pump for the same amount in a six cylinder engine asillustrated, the other three cylinders having the openings 21 relativelyrestricted by the saine amount. rlhis facilitates manufacture of thecylinder heads. By reason of the graduation in the effective areas ofthe openings 21 substantially the saine quantity of water will circulatethrough each cylinder head of the engine, insuring substantially thesame cooling for the cylinder heads remote from the pump as. for thecylinder heads in the proximity -of thepuinpf Vihere the water pump islocated intermediate the ends of the cylinder block appropriateadjustment may be vmade inthe relative sizes of the effective openings`21 for .the cylinders in proximity to the pump and for those cylindersremote from the pump as will be readily'understood. v j

'With reference to Figs. 4 and 5 'I have illustrated a modified form ofmy inventionY attainingl the same advantages as described in connectionwith the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 3, by reason of a somewhatsimpler and cheaper construction, this form being preferred for thesereasons. In theseV views the cylinder block as before is cast withtherelatively large openings 29 in additionl to the openings 21, and wheredesired relatively small'openings B2b intermediate adjacent cylinders.These cor- .res ondin o Veninvs have the same functions and advantagesas set forth in lconnection.with Figs. 1 to 3. However, the cylinderhead flanges 24EL are constructed the same for each cylinder head' 22aand do not overlie the openings 29 or the openings 21. instead, thecylinder head cover 26a has its seatingflange 34 along the intake sideof the engine extended inwardly over the major portion ofy openingsleaving only a relatively small passageway 30a whichy corresponds toopening 30 of Fig. 1 for the eliminationV of 'steam pocket formations.Likewise, when desired, .the opposite cover seating flange-34fL alongthe exhaust side of the engine may be Vextended over a portion What Iclaim as my invention is:

1. An internal combustion engine of the sleeve valve type comprising incombination a cylinder block having a plurality of engine Water jacketedcylinders, Water jacketed cylinder heads for the cylinders, saidcylinder Vfor the cylinder head jackets along the lastV said side of thecylinder block, and means closing `the major portions of said coreopenings. thereby restricting the-passage of Water from the cylinderjacket tothe cyl inder head jackets and to the said cylinder head jacketoutlet means tor themost part to the said top Wall Water outlet meansand thereby preventing the formation ot steam pockets in the cylinderjacket in the vicinity ofsaid core openings.

2. An internal combustion engine of the sleeve valve type comprising incombination a cylinder block having a plurality of engine Water jaeketedcylinders, .Water jacketed cylinderlieads for the cylinders, saidcylinder block having a top Wall provided Vwith Water outlet meansadjacent the cylinder heads along one side longitudinally of thecylinder block .permitting passage of Water from the cylinder jacket tothe cyl- V inder head jackets, said top Wall having core openingstherethrough longitudinally along the other side of said cylinder block,Water outlet `means for the `cylinder head jackets 'along the last saidside ofthe cylinder block,

and means overlying the major portions of said core openings therebyvrestricting' the passage of Water from the cylinder jacket to thecylinder head jackets and to the said cylinder head jacket outlet meansfor the most part to the said top Wall Water outlet means and therebypreventing the formation of steam pockets in the cylinderjacket in thevicinity lof said core openings. j

3. In acirculatory cooling system for an internal combustion engine otthe sleeve valve type, the combination oil a cylinder, a head therefor,means providing a cooling space above said head, a cooling jacket aboutsaid cylinder having openings into said space arranged on opposite sidesof the longitudinal plane ofthe engine including the cylinder axis, andmeans closing the openings on one side of said plane sui'hcien'tly tocause the major portion of the cooling medium entering the said space topass through the openingen the other side of said plane but permittingthe passage oi gases through the first said opening.

4C. In a circulatory cooling system for an Ainternal combustion engineof the sleeve-` valve type, the combination .of a cylinder, a

head therefor, means providing a cooling space above said head, acooling jacket about said cylinder having openings intoV said spacearranged on opposite sides of thelongitudinal plane of the engineincluding the cylinder axis, and means overlying :the openings on oneside of said ,plane suiiiciently to causethe .major portion of thecooling medium'entering the said space to pass through the opening onthe otherside of said planebut permitting the passage of gases Vthroughthe first said ,opening 5. ln. a circulatory system for an internalcombustion engine, a cylinder having a surrounding cooling jacket withcore openings at the upper` end thereof on opposite sides of thelongitudinal plane of the engine including the cylinder axis, and meansoverlying tlie core opening on one side of said plane sufiiciently tosubstantially restrict the flow of cooling medium from the ,cylinderjacketto the core opening on the other side of said plane but`permitting passage of gases through the first said core opening.

6. In a circulatory system for Van internal combustion engine, acylinder having a surrounding cooling jacket With core openings at theupper end thereoi` on opposite sides of the `longitudinal plane of theengine including the cylinder axis, a cylinderthead having a jacket.portion depending in said cylinder, a header, means closing the coreopening on one side of said plane sulciently to restrict the flow ofcooling medium from the cylinder jacket to the cylinder head jacket forthe most partthrough'the core opening on the other side of said planebut permitting passage of gases through the first said core opening, andan outlet header for receiving the cooling medium from the cylinder headjacket located on the first said side ot the said plane.

7. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a jacketed cylinder, said `block provided with openings onopposite sides of theV longitudinal plane ot the engine including `thecylinder axis, a cylinder `head member for the cylinder, a cylinder headcover member, one of said members closing the major portion of theopening on one side` of said plane. Y

8. A sleeve valve engine comprisingin combination a cylinder `blockhaving a jacketed cylinder, said block provided With openings onojz-posite sides of the loiigitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, a cylinder head member fortlie cylinder, a cylinder headcover member, one of said members closing the opening on one side ofsaid plane suiliciently to restrictthe major flow oi cooling `medium tothe cylinder head 'member to the opening on the las' other side of saidplane but leaving 'sutilcient eflectiveopening to prevent the formationof a steam pocket in the vicinity thereof. i

9. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a jacketed cylinder,said block provided `With openings onopposite sides of the longitudinal'plane of the engine including thecylcylinder,and a cylinder head cover member, said cylinder head covermember cooperating With the Vopening en one side of said plane torestrict the flow of-cooling medium to said cylinder-head member for themost part to the opening on the other side of said plane. j

11. sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a jacketed cylinder, said block provided With openings onoppositefsides of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, a cylinder head member for the cylinder, and a cylinderhead cover member,` said cover member having a flange seating on thecylinder block and overlying the major portion of the opening on oneside of said plane.

12. Asleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a Y jacketed cylinder, said block provided with openings onopposite sides of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, a' cylinder head member for the cylinder, and a cylinderhead cover member, said cover member having a flange seating on thecylinder block and overlying the major portion of theV opening on oneside of said plane, the opening on the other side of said plane beingsubstantially unrestricted. f 1

13. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving` a plurality ol" jacketed cylinders, said block having. an upperWall provided With fluid outlet openings spaced longitudinally of theengine on one side of the longitudinal planeofthe engine including thecylinder axes, cylinder head means for the respective cylindersreceiving cooling fluid from said openings, cover means for the cylinderheads cooperating therewith to provide cooling fluid chambers `for thecylinder heads, a pump for circulating cooling fluid from the cylinderjackets to the cylinder head chambers, one of said means cooperatingwith an opening in the proximity of the pump to restrict the fluidflowtherethrough relative to another of said openings more remote from saidpump thereby substantially equalizing thevflovv of cooling fluid througthe openings. v t

11i. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination, a.cylinder block having a jacketed cylinder, said block having an upperWall provided with a relatively large core opening elongated in thedirectiony longitudinally of the cylinder block and located to one sideof the cylinder, means providing a jacketed space abovethe cylinder,said cylinder block upper wall provided With a second opening located atthe other side of the cylinder and establishing communication betweenthe cylinder jacket and said j acketed space above the cylinder, andWater passage restricting means associated With said elongatedy coreopening.

15. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination, a cylinderblock having a jacketed cylinder, said block provided With relativelylarge core openings elongated longitudinally of the cylinder block onopposite sides of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, a cylinder head member for the cylinder, a cylinder headcover member, one of said members closing the major portion of theopening on one side of said plane.

16. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a plurality of jacket-ed cylinders, said block having an upperWall provided With fluid outlet openings spaced longitudinally of theengine on one side of the longitudinal plane of theengine including thecylinder axis, cylinder head mea-ns for thel respective cyl/- indersreceiving cooling fluid from said openings, cover means for the cylinderheads cooperating therewith to provide cooling fluid chamber for thecylinder heads, a pump for 'circulating cooling fluid from the cylinderjackets to the cylinder vhead chambers, said cover means cooperatingWith an opening in the proximity of the pump to restrict the fluid flowtherethrough relative to another of said openings more remote from saidpump, thereby substantially equalizing the flow of cooling fluid throughthe openlugs.

17. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a plurality of jacketed cylinders, said block having` an upperWall provided with fluid outlet openings spaced longitudinally of theengine on one side of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, cylinder head means for the respective cylindersreceiving cooling fluid from said openings, cover means for the cylinderheads cooperating therewith to provide cooling fluid chambers for thecylinder heads, a pump for circulating cooling fluid from the cylinderjackets to the cylinder head chainbers, said cover means provided with aflange seating on the cylinder ,block and cooperating with an opening inthe proximity of the pump to restrict the fluid flow therethroughrelative to another of said openings more remote from said pump, therebysubstantially equalizing the flow of cooling liuid through the openings.

18. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a plurality of jacketed cylinders, said block having an upperwall provided with fluid outlet openings spaced longitudinally of theengine on one side of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, cylinder head means for the respective cylindersreceiving cooling fluid from said openings, cover means for the cylinderheads cooperating therewith to provide cooling fluid chambers for thecylinder heads, a pump for circulating cooling fluid from the cylinderjackets to the cylinder head chambers, said cover means provided with aflange seating on the cylinder block and arranged to overlie one or moreopenings in proximity to the pump to a relatively greater extent thanthose more remote from said pump, thereby equalizing the flow of coolingfluid through the openings.

19. A sleeve valve engine comprising in combination a cylinder blockhaving a pluiality of jacketed cylinders, said block having an upperwall provided with fluid outlet openings spaced longitudinally of theengine on one side of the longitudinal plane of the engine including thecylinder axis, cylinder head means for the respective cylindersreceiving cooling fluid from said openings,

\ cover means for the cylinder heads cooperating therewith to providecooling fluid chambers for the cylinder heads, a pump for allyequalizing the flow of cooling fluidv through the openings.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 10th day ofDecember, A. D.

ARCHIE MACPHAIL NIVEN.

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